Apolipoprotein E ∈4 Associated With Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury in Boxing

摘要: Context. —Given the similarities between Alzheimer disease and dementia pugilistica, we evaluated relationship apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype chronic traumatic brain injury (CTBI) in boxers to determine whether there is a genetic susceptibility effects of head trauma. Objective. —To assess CTBI andAPOEgenotype boxers. Design Setting. —Clinical characterization 24 volunteer 6 referred an outpatient setting. Participants. —Thirty professional aged 23 76 years underwent neurologic behavioral assessment conjunction withAPOEgenotyping. Main Outcome Measures. —Apolipoprotein was examined measures CTBI. A10-point clinical rating scale (0-9), Chronic Brain Injury (CBI) scale, devised severity encephalopathy associated with boxing. Boxers abnormal scores were further classified on basis their impairments possibly or probably related Scores analyzed relation boxing exposure (number bouts) andAPOEgenotype. Results. —Among 30 boxers, 11 found be normal (CBI score=0), 12 showed mild deficits score=1-2), 4 moderately impaired score=3-4), 3 signs severe impairment score >4). High-exposure (ie, those ≥12 had significantly higher CBI (mean [SD], 2.6 [1.9]) than low-exposure 0.3 [0.7]) (P Conclusions. —These preliminary findings suggest that possession anAPOE∈4 allele may increased high-exposure