Experimental X-Ray Studies of Liquid Surfaces

摘要: Over the past two decades synchrotron facilities dedicated to generation of x-rays for study atoms, molecules and condensed matter have proliferated all over world. As a result special properties produced by these machines, there has been an enormous growth in experimental possibilities. In this work we will demonstrate how can be used carry out hitherto impossible measurements Angstrom level structure free surfaces liquids. We that surface liquids is often different from bulk. A large part thesis devoted surface-induced atomic or molecular layering phenomenon metallic dielectric Chapters 1 through 10 describe features high-surface tension metals (Ga, In, Hg, Sn), as well alkali (K, KNa) water. The second (Chapters 11 16) binary alloys (GaIn, HgAu, KNa, BiIn GaBi), investigating wide range phenomena such Gibbs adsorption tetra-point nanoscale wetting.