Development of Immunity by the Tomato Clownfish Amphiprion frenatus to the Dinoflagellate Parasite Amyloodinium ocellatum

摘要: Abstract The dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum, which causes amyloodiniosis or “marine velvet disease,” is one of the most serious ectoparasitic diseases affecting warmwater marine fish culture worldwide. We demonstrated that tomato clownfish Amphiprion frenatus can develop strong immunity to infection following repeated nonlethal parasitic challenges. protective response long-lived and directed against trophont stage parasite.