Malaria risk on the Amazon frontier

摘要: Frontier malaria is a biological, ecological, and sociodemographic phenomenon operating over time at three spatial scales (micro/individual, community, state national). We explicate these linkages by integrating data from remote sensing surveys, ground-level surveys ethnographic appraisal, focusing on the Machadinho settlement project in Rondonia, Brazil. Spatially explicit analyses reveal that early stages of frontier are dominated environmental risks, consequential to ecosystem transformations promote larval habitats Anopheles darlingi. With advance forest clearance establishment agriculture, ranching, urban development, transmission substantially reduced, risks new infection largely driven human behavioral factors. Malaria mitigation strategies for settlements require combination preventive curative methods close collaboration between health agricultural sectors. Of fundamental importance matching potential specific plots economic technical capacities migrants. Equally important providing an effective extension service.