Lunar Dayside Plasma in the Earth’s Magnetotail Lobes

摘要: As introduced in Chap. 1, the lunar atmosphere is too tenuous to stand off solar wind plasma and magnetic field by inducing currents its ionosphere. Therefore, Moon often called an “airless” body thought of as a passive absorber. This chapter presents dual-probe ARTEMIS observations Earth’s magnetotail lobes demonstrate that origin can be dominant have significant impact on ambient plasma. The two-point measurements reveal density dayside sometimes becomes several times higher than lobe density. Meanwhile, electron pitch-angle distributions show \({\sim }90^{\circ }\) dropouts coexisting with origin, suggesting velocity electrons are modified association accurate knowledge spacecraft potential also suggest existence high-energy tail population surface photoelectrons. photoelectron emission results large positive potentials lobes, accelerating ions upward from Moon.