Radio Propagation Aided Indoor Localization: Indoor localization by applying Proportionate Measurement Localization (PML) using Bluetooth Low Energy tags

摘要: Indoor localization is a hot topic since the demand for Location Based Services (LBS) has increased, especially (semi) public places like museums, office buildings and congress halls would benefit from LBS. Outdoor its applications navigation systems are well implemented in society used by many on daily basis. Applications using indoor underrepresented due to lack of robust scalable technique. Attempting solve this problem, first, suitable technique (hardware) selected second, an method (algorithm) applied. For two radio propagation techniques tested research: first established called Ultra High Frequency Radio Identification (UHF RFID) newly arrived Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). Both use sensor tag. In case UHF RFID person be located carries tag recorded sensors ceiling. BLE holds hand senses tags Results show that highly sensitive environmental changes water bodies (including user itself). This makes proximity indication unpredictable difficult various locations with large amount users, which often places. The shows quite stable results terms sensitivity interferences clear correlation between distance signal strength. latter characteristics make it localization. Two algorithms proposed; dependent algorithm takes into account specific sensor, independent (referred as PML) functions independently type used. advantage because incorporated mobile phone user. Especially when there potentially multiple users holding different types phones, can vary widely. based probability function basic concept trilateration measurements at least three beacons. PML ratio both most cases computed location within meter actual location. Generally, slightly better regards method. However, practical usability scalability preferable over algorithm.