摘要: Gauge theories are believed to belong the class of which describe nature. At each energy (distance) scale nature can be described in terms an effective gauge theory. For example at present available energies physics seem correctly by standard SUc (3) × SU(2) U(1) It is important note that degrees freedom considered elementary on a given may turn out composite higher scale. Given (effective) theory, its large distance properties (phase structure, symmetry realization etc.) determined structure vacuum. In these lectures I would like concentrate two aspects vacuum (without and with fermions).
springer.com
sci-hub.st 参考文章(24)
E. Witten, Dyons of charge eθ/2π Physics Letters B. ,vol. 86, pp. 283- 287 ,(1979) , 10.1016/0370-2693(79)90838-4
J. S. Bell, R. Jackiw, A PCAC puzzle: π0→γγ in the σ-model Nuovo Cimento Della Societa Italiana Di Fisica A-nuclei Particles and Fields. ,vol. 60, pp. 47- 61 ,(1969) , 10.1007/BF02823296
T. Banks, S. Yankielowicz, A. Schwimmer, Anomaly constraints in chiral gauge theories Physics Letters B. ,vol. 96, pp. 67- 71 ,(1980) , 10.1016/0370-2693(80)90214-2
Steven Weinberg, Edward Witten, Limits on Massless Particles Physics Letters B. ,vol. 96, pp. 59- 62 ,(1980) , 10.1016/0370-2693(80)90212-9
E. Witten, Current Algebra Theorems for the U(1) Goldstone Boson Nuclear Physics. ,vol. 156, pp. 269- 283 ,(1979) , 10.1016/0550-3213(79)90031-2
J.D Bjorken, A Dynamical origin for the electromagnetic field Annals of Physics. ,vol. 24, pp. 174- 187 ,(1963) , 10.1016/0003-4916(63)90069-1
A.D. Dolgov, V.I. Zakharov, On conservation of the axial current in massless electrodynamics Nuclear Physics. ,vol. 27, pp. 525- 540 ,(1971) , 10.1016/0550-3213(71)90264-1
Haim Harari, Nathan Seiberg, A dynamical theory for the rishon model Physics Letters B. ,vol. 98, pp. 269- 273 ,(1981) , 10.1016/0370-2693(81)90012-5
Robert Savit, Topological excitations in U(1) -invariant theories Physical Review Letters. ,vol. 39, pp. 55- 58 ,(1977) , 10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.39.55
Daniel Zwanziger, Exactly Soluble Nonrelativistic Model of Particles with Both Electric and Magnetic Charges Physical Review. ,vol. 176, pp. 1480- 1488 ,(1968) , 10.1103/PHYSREV.176.1480