Depredation of Livestock by Wild Carnivores and Illegal Utilization of Natural Resources by Humans in the Western Serengeti, Tanzania

摘要: Human-wildlife interactions play an important role in shaping perceptions and conservation paradigms the livelihoods villages neighbouring protected areas. These also determine future survival of wildlife face increasing pressure due to high human population increase characterising most countries sub-Saharan Africa. Most rural people Africa are agropastoral, combining small scale farming with animal husbandry, or they purely agropastoralists who relies on natural resources for sustenance.The negative impacts from humans may include crop damage, attacking killing livestock humans, competing game species acting as diseases reservoirs. Humans affect through a wide range lethal methods such shooting, poisoning, trapping snaring, habitat modification, encroachment exchange between livestock.Illegal hunting using traditional weapons is spread communities surrounding areas rich where some (i.e. Liberia) up 75% meat protein derived wildlife. The main factors attributing consumption bushmeat local availability, easy catch-ability (wire snares, pitfall traps), affordability consequent household savings.This thesis evaluates conflicts human-wildlife interface western Serengeti case study. first part focuses conflict related utilization depredation whereas second dietary contribution people, experience utilization. Local living close rational when it comes illegal because consider benefits costimplications. hunters, especially, know advance which profitable at same time cost being arrested distance need walk While can take place far park, keepers avoid grazing inside park consequences (penalties fines) utilizing pasture illegally.The consume more meals during period wildebeest village proximities than herds southern plains. This further proves rationality hunters planning trips (the versus cost). In contrast, fish located but Lake Victoria decrease influx migratory herbivores, suggest that complement each other sources fluctuates. was proved true test-persons close, intermediate distant nearest national boundary were given pieces combination wild ungulates beef rank recognition according perceived taste. preferred all, test-person prefer topi those impala. suggests long term no source locally available area fish.Wild carnivores considered be responsible losses results current study show among reported kill livestock, 97.7% all claims spotted hyena, 98.2%.Spotted hyenas nocturnal animals capable commuting 80 km their territory numerous large carnivore ecosystem, mainly targeting goats sheep. To evaluate level depredation, enumeration loss causes conducted subsequent comparison. villages, major livestock.Based findings recommends better education conservation, husbandry practices extension. A change policy favour compensation would reduce retaliatory villages. Livestock should improve night holding enclosures by predators. recommend alternative Last not least, I special attention resident herbivore proximities.