Endorectal ultrasound for preoperative staging

摘要: Evaluation of the anus and rectum has traditionally been done through external examination, digital rectal anoscopy, flexible or rigid proctosigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy. Imaging techniques have included barium enema, CT scan, MRI. With introduction endoluminal ultrasonography, a greater degree objectivity implemented in evaluation anorectum. This is especially important treatment cancer. Accurate preoperative staging guides decision for neoadjuvant therapy, sphincter sparing procedures, local excision. Endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) endoanal (ERAS) are also used diagnosis benign mucosal lesions, fistula ano, fecal incontinence, anorectal abscesses, extrarectal masses. chapter will focus on use low cancer, with particular attention to decisions regarding intersphincteric resection tumors.