BETA -BLOCKERS IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE : THE PHARMACOLOGY OF CARVEDILOL, A VASODILATING BETA -BLOCKER AND ANTIOXIDANT, AND ITS THERAPEUTIC UTILITY IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

摘要: Publisher Summary A large, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of carvedilol, a vasodilating β -blocker with antioxidant activity, was conducted in patients mild-to-severe congestive heart failure (CHF). In these studies, carvedilol has been associated 65% reduction mortality, and significant hospitalization. Carvedilol is multiple-action drug that the capacity to suppress variety neurohormonal systems. The pharmacological actions have studied detail. major are: potent competitive antagonist both 1 2 adrenoceptors, no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity; α adrenoceptors responsible for effects drug; an extremely as result its carbazole moiety. activity may be particular importance CHF inasmuch oxygen radical stress shown occur producing damage myocardium inducing apoptosis. ability produce cardioprotection degree greater than achieved -blockers attributed drug. addition likely contribute cardioprotective drug, also number other secondary Clinical hemodynamic benefits produced by demonstrated mild, moderate, severe ischemic or nonischemic origins failure. Moreover, dosedependent reductions morbidity mortality.