摘要: In this section, the principles of manufacturing ferroalloys are discussed through fundamentals involving thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanisms reduction smelting processes involved. Classification as well their use brief introduction to production methods presented. Fundamentals most essential details submerged arc furnace major ferroalloys, ferrochromium, manganese alloys, silicon alloys provided. General process description, energy saving approaches, emissions, control future trends briefly discussed.