Arsenicals: toxicity, their use as chemical warfare agents, and possible remedial measures

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the human health aspects of arsine, organic arsenicals, and inorganic arsenic, current status development suitable therapeutic measures. Arsine, most toxic form exhibits some characteristics that may make it useful as a chemical warfare (CW) agent. Arsine is colorless, odorless, nonirritating gas, 2.5 times denser than air. Acute arsine poisoning due to inhalation gas (AsH3) rare but has no known antidote. It acutely arsenic causing rapid severe hemolysis immediately on exposure. Arsenicals are considered threat, not so much from large nation states smaller, less developed nations and/or by terrorist organizations. Interest in arsenicals dates back mid-19th century. Chemists discovered an arsenic–chloride compound which one chlorine atoms replaced radical tends be harmful both insects tissue. The exact mechanism for effects unknown. DNA alkylation inhibition glutathione-scavenging pathways two postulated mechanisms. On contact with blistering reaction occurs skin, eye, or pulmonary tissues. onset symptoms after arsenical exposure seconds compared 4–8 h mustard Highly specific treatment required arsenicals. There particular antidote poisoning. Victims administered high flow oxygen.