Metabolomics investigation of summer mortality in New Zealand Greenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus)

摘要: Abstract Increasing water temperatures due to climate change have resulted in more frequent high mortality events of New Zealand Greenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus Gmelin 1791). These significant impacts within mussel farms which support a major shellfish industry for Zealand. The present study investigates metabolic responses farmed during summer event order identify health and elucidate mechanistic effects external stressors on mussels. A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolomics approach was used perturbations flow cytometry assays were assess viability, oxidative stress apoptosis haemocytes from healthy unhealthy event. results showed significantly higher compared Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, is an indicator very both groups, but no differences observed between the two groups. Metabolomics revealed alterations many metabolites haemolymph hepatopancreas (digestive gland) mussels, reflecting several molecular pathways, including energy metabolism, amino acid protein degradation/tissue damage stress. An increased level itaconic antimicrobial metabolite biomarker pathogen infection haemolymph, not samples. This investigation provides first detailed characterization immune illustrates benefits using integrated workflow assessment identification early detection.