Water Mass Formation, Overturning Circulation, and the Exchange of the Red Sea with the Adjacent Basins

摘要: The Red Sea experiences strong atmospheric forcing through both wind stress and air–sea buoyancy fluxes. Direct observations modeling experiment show a robust response that consists of complicated three-dimensional circulation pattern with intense seasonal variability, involving water masses are locally formed in the or enter it from adjacent basins. Two thermohaline cells identified related to intermediate (Red Outflow Water—RSOW) deepwater Deep Water—RSDW) formation processes. Results numerical simulations indicate permanent cyclonic gyre northern end basin is most probable location for RSOW take place, but further investigation techniques needed better understand processes involved as well role Gulfs Suez Aqaba regional circulation. closely linked flow Strait Bab-al-Mandab where exchange Indian Ocean takes place. an inverse estuarine type, which compensates heat freshwater fluxes basin, very synoptic variability remote local forcing. Although important progress has been achieved during last two decades describing understanding basic dynamics, several features not yet understood explained. Further observational activities required improve our these should be combined interdisciplinary approach monitoring forecasting capabilities environmental management protection.