Dendritic Cells Matured With TNF can be Further Activated In Vitro and After Subcutaneous Injection In Vivo Which Converts Their Tolerogenicity Into Immunogenicity

摘要: Dendritic cell (DC) maturation can occur by different types of stimuli. Previously, we described that murine DC matured with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) up-regulate surface MHC and costimulatory molecules but lack cytokine release, therefore termed them semi-mature DC. These TNF/DC-induced tolerance after intravenous (i.v.) injection in a model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here, show TNF/DC are not terminally differentiated still respond to the microbial stimulus lipopolysaccharide. Subcutaneously injected induce an unpolarized T(H)1/T(H)2 response protective model. Although home draining lymph node, they remain negative for intracellular stainings. However, nonmigrating, endogenous started produce interleukin (IL)-12p40, TNF little IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1 bystander fashion. Together, inflammatory remains responsive further signals vitro vivo. be provided pathogens or subcutaneous route, which convert from tolerogenic immunogenic findings important selecting appropriate route human immunotherapy.