Changes in esthetic standards since 1940

作者: Mirjam Berneburg , Klaus Dietz , Claudia Niederle , Gernot Göz

DOI: 10.1016/J.AJODO.2009.10.029

关键词:

摘要: Introduction The goals of this study were to investigate differences between the most popular female and male faces, past present, determine whether they had changed over time and, if so, what extent. Methods Internet film databases searched for photographs men women who considered attractive 1940 2008. Images meeting defined inclusion criteria compared. Measurements taken on a minimum 20 images per sex decade. Intersex facial grouped by decades, we examined these remained stable or how time. Results fuller more protrusive lip profiles than did men, particularly during first decade 21st century. Significant sex-specific developments noted with respect chin lengths, frontonasal angles, total face angles. decreases in size length, but small opposite trend was observed women's faces. During observation period, faces highly became slightly similar terms position size. Conclusions Notions attractiveness might be influenced society.

参考文章(42)
Doug Jones, C. Loring Brace, William Jankowiak, Kevin N. Laland, Lisa E. Musselman, Judith H. Langlois, Lori A. Roggman, Daniel Pérusse, Barbara Schweder, Donald Symons, Sexual Selection, Physical Attractiveness, and Facial Neoteny: Cross-cultural Evidence and Implications [and Comments and Reply] Current Anthropology. ,vol. 36, pp. 723- 748 ,(1995) , 10.1086/204427
Cellerino A, Psychobiology of facial attractiveness. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. ,vol. 26, pp. 45- 48 ,(2003)
Mirjam Hönn, Gernot Göz, [The ideal of facial beauty: a review]. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics-fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie. ,vol. 68, pp. 6- 16 ,(2007) , 10.1007/S00056-007-0604-6
I. S. Penton-Voak, D. I. Perrett, D. L. Castles, T. Kobayashi, D. M. Burt, L. K. Murray, R. Minamisawa, Menstrual cycle alters face preference Nature. ,vol. 399, pp. 741- 742 ,(1999) , 10.1038/21557
Victor S. Johnston, Melissa Franklin, Is beauty in the eye of the beholder Ethology and Sociobiology. ,vol. 14, pp. 183- 199 ,(1993) , 10.1016/0162-3095(93)90005-3
Stuart J. McKelvie, Effects of feature variations on attributions for schematic faces Psychological Reports. ,vol. 73, pp. 275- 288 ,(1993) , 10.2466/PR0.1993.73.1.275
Pamela McClellan, Ira H. Bernstein, Tsai-Ding Lin, Cross- vs. within-racial judgments of attractiveness Perception & Psychophysics. ,vol. 32, pp. 495- 503 ,(1982) , 10.3758/BF03204202
Egle Tatarunaite, Rebecca Playle, Kerry Hood, William Shaw, Stephen Richmond, Facial attractiveness: A longitudinal study American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. ,vol. 127, pp. 676- 682 ,(2005) , 10.1016/J.AJODO.2004.01.029
Megumi Hosoda, Dianna L. Stone, Current gender stereotypes and their evaluative content. Perceptual and Motor Skills. ,vol. 90, pp. 1283- 1294 ,(2000) , 10.2466/PMS.2000.90.3C.1283