Climate System Simulations: An Integrated, Multi-Scale Approach for Research and Decision-Making

摘要: Climate physicists define the System in terms of different interactions taking place between hydrosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. Being associated general thermo-hydrodynamic partial differential equation system so complex for analytical solving, it is usually integrated numerically involving a good deal computational resources. Moreover, today spatial scales involve physical parametrisations, each forecast horizon (few days, seasonal, annual, decadal climate change periods) interest deserves special treatment, mostly defined by predictability characteristic response time interacting components at corresponding temporal scale. Thus, presently customary to distinguish large-, mesoand micro-scale numerical models, their descriptions ranging from global state basin availability hydrological An integrated, multi-scale approach considering output various models vital understand levels behaviour System, thus offer useful tools decision makers stake holders. In this chapter, after introducing few fundamental concepts equations Section 2, hierarchy flux information among 3, methodologies downscaling executions are discussed detail, regarding both scientific research policy-making applications. section 4 we explain usefulness conducting several simulations (realisations) partially reduce inherent uncertainties. Later, 5 plausible way put into operation all components, presenting examples based on experience acquired through regional initiative known as Latin-American Observatory Events. Some concluding remarks suggestions future presented 6.