摘要: Several high-frequency ultrasound techniques have been developed during the last decade with intention of assessing elastic properties bone at tissue level. The basic measurement principles can be divided into: 1) compressional wave velocity in thin sections; 2) surface acoustic velocities thick and 3) derivation impedance from confocal reflection amplitude sections. In this paper, 3 are described example measurements given frequency range 50 MHz to 1.2 GHz. were made 2 microscopes operating pulse-echo mode, either frequencies up 200 time-resolved detection or between 100 GHz detection. methods compared their application potentials limitations discussed respect hierarchical structure cortical bone. Mapping has superior capabilities for deriving quantitative structural parameters heterogeneous material. Even low (50 MHz), mineralized matrix separated larger pores (Haversian canals), coefficient probing direction measured dimensions. Depending on type sample preparation (flat cylindrically shaped), local distribution a single average transverse isotropic stiffness tensor derived. With range, lamellar analyzed. However, one GHz, wavelength is still order magnitude than individual collagen fibrils. Although thickness unit easily assessed image, anisotropic fibrils as well detailed lamella only accomplished further model assumptions.
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