The eco‐evolutionary consequences of interspecific phenological asynchrony – a theoretical perspective

摘要: The timing of biological events (phenology) is an important aspect both a species' life cycle and how it interacts with other species its environment. Patterns phenological change have been given much scientific attention, particularly recently in relation to climate change. For pairs interacting species, if their rates differ, then this may lead asynchrony between them disruption ecological interactions. However often difficult interpret differential predict evolutionary consequences. We review theoretical results regarding topic, special emphasis on those arising from history theory, game theory population dynamic models. Much research builds upon the concept match/mismatch, so we start by putting forward simple but general model that captures essential elements concept. systematically compare predictions baseline expectations which additional mechanisms features cycles are taken into account. discuss ways fitness consequences interspecific be weak, strong, or idiosyncratic. showing synchrony not necessarily expected outcome, densities maximized adaptation, implications these findings. By bringing together developments eco-evolutionary asynchrony, provide overview available alternative hypotheses for interpreting empirical patterns as well starting point next generation field.