Blue water scarcity in the Black Sea catchment: Identifying key actors in the water-ecosystem-energy-food nexus

摘要: Large-scale water scarcity indicators have been widely used to map and inform decision makers the public about use of river flows, a vital limited renewable resource. However, spatiotemporal interrelations among users administrative entities are still lacking in most large-scale studies. Water at core water-ecosystem-energy-food nexus. In this paper, we balance availability Black Sea catchment with requirements consumptive key users, i.e., municipalities, power plants, manufacturing, irrigation livestock breeding, accounting for evaporation from major reservoirs as well environmental flow requirements. We graph theory highlight between countries along hydrological network. The results show that occurs mainly summer due higher demand reservoir conjunction relatively lower resources, fall-winter period resources high preserving ecosystems sectors other than irrigation. Cooling plants demands urban areas cause many isolated locations winter and, far greater spatial extent, Interrelations scarcity-prone small, intra-national rivers, which underlying national regional governments act players mitigating within catchment. exist larger highlighting need international cooperation could be achieved through