Modeling dry and wet deposition of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium ions in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, China using a source-oriented CMAQ model: Part I. Base case model results

摘要: Abstract A source-oriented Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model driven by the meteorological fields generated Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) was used to study dry wet deposition of nitrate (NO 3 − ), sulfate (SO 4 2 − ammonium (NH + ) ions in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve (JNNR), China from June August 2010 identify contributions different emission sectors source regions that were responsible for fluxes. The performance is evaluated this paper contribution analyses are presented a companion paper. results show WRF capable reproducing observed precipitation rates with Mean Normalized Gross Error (MNGE) 8.1%. Predicted fluxes SO NO at Long Lake (LL) site (3100 m a.s.l.) during three-month episode 2.75 0.34 kg S(N) ha − 1 , which agree well 2.42 0.39 kg S(N) ha respectively. Temporal variations weekly LL also predicted. Wet flux NH over-predicted approximately factor (1.60 kg N ha vs . 0.56 kg N ha likely due missing alkaline earth cations such as Ca 2 + current CMAQ simulations. general agreement observations four Acid Deposition Monitoring Network East Asia (EANET) sites western China. (including gas 2 HNO 0.12 0.12 kg S(N) ha 0.07 0.08 kg S(N) ha Bureau (JB) JNNR, respectively, much lower than corresponding Dry 0.21 kg N ha LL, predicted flux. For both fluxes, predictions 12-km resolution nested domain similar those 36-km parent domain.