Principles and Techniques of Blood Pressure Measurement

摘要: The gold standard for clinical blood pressure measurement continues to be readings taken by a physician using mercury sphygmomanometer, but this is changing as gradually being phased out. oscillometric technique, which primarily detects mean arterial pressure, increasingly popular use in electronic devices. Other methods include ultrasound (used mainly detect systolic pressure) and the finger cuff method of Penaz, can record beat-to-beat noninvasively from finger. preferred location upper arm, errors may occur because changes position arm. technical sources error inappropriate size too rapid deflation cuff. Clinic unrepresentative patient's true white coat effect, defined difference between clinic average daytime pressure. Patients with elevated normal are said have hypertension. There three commonly used measuring purposes: readings, self-monitoring patient at home, 24-hour ambulatory readings. Self-monitoring growing rapidly popularity generally carried out devices that work on technique. Although validation protocols exist, many market not been tested accuracy. Such wrist, or finger, arm preferred. Twenty-four-hour monitoring has found best predictor cardiovascular risk individual only technique describe diurnal rhythm accurately. Ambulatory diagnosing hypertension, whereas following response treatment. Different techniques certain situations. In infants best, pregnancy after exercise diastolic hard measure conventional auscultatory method. obese subjects it important correct size.