Staying safe from top predators: patterns of co-occurrence and inter-predator interactions

摘要: Top predators often have cascading effects on mesopredator communities by driving behavioural changes. Using camera-trapping surveys, we explored the site-detection probability of sympatric and temporal overlap examined patterns to explore hypotheses carnivore guild interactions between within large small in presence/absence lion (Panthera leo) open closed habitat cover. We used single-season two-species occupancy models test inter-predator at 205 camera sites spread across five Protected Areas Maputaland Conservation Unit, South Africa. These data showed respective associations presence carnivores smaller carnivores. observed that leopard pardus) hyena (Crocuta crocuta) tended avoid interference encounters, as they were less likely co-detected same sites. There was a decrease detection function presence. Small such group honey badger (Mellivora capensis)-striped polecat (Ictonyx striatus) slender mongoose (Herpestes sanguineus) detected cameras where leopards detected. Detection probabilities badger-polecat much higher than At hyenas detected, genet (Genetta tigrina) habitat. Slender overlapped temporally with while others did not. Our study predator guilds can affect detecting subordinate mesopredators; therefore, reintroduction effect carnivores, it is necessary consider this when planning recovery programmes for conservation. think importance interest top shape inducing apparent avoidance behaviour based As consequence, use minimize risk larger due intraguild interaction. predators’ site about spotted hyena, these two without Reintroduction one population other, nature consequences needs be accounted conservation or species programmes. Therefore, extended our important aspects. novel there are no studies documenting between/within from co-occurrence