Synthesis of Thirty Years of Surface Water Quality and Aquatic Biota Data in Shenandoah National Park: Collaboration between the US Geological Survey and the National Park Service

摘要: The eastern United States has been the recipient of acidic atmospheric deposition (hereinafter, “acid rain”) for many decades. Deleterious effects acid rain on natural resources have well documented surface water (e.g., Likens et al. 1996; Stoddard 2001), soils (Bailey 2005), forest health (Long 2009), and habitat suitability stream biota (Baker 1993). Shenandoah National Park (SNP) is located in northern central Virginia consists a long, narrow strip land straddling Blue Ridge Mountains (Figure 1). park’s elevated topography location downwind Ohio River valley, where emissions to atmosphere are generated (NSTC made it target rain. Characterizing link between air quality as related rain, contaminants, soil conditions, high priority research monitoring SNP. US Geological Survey (USGS) SNP had long history collaboration documenting resources, starting 1985 continuing present (Lynch Dise 1985; Rice 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007; Deviney 2006, 2012; Jastram 2013). Acidification both chronic an acute stressor that triggered need late 1970s. resource managers showed abundant foresight by implementing aquatic program before park became Service prototype inventory early 1990s (Davis 1995). As result these continued efforts, combined record over three decades data cold-water riverine systems exists. Water data-collection efforts conducted different groups satisfy wide range objectives. majority data, however, were collected