作者: Joaquim R. R. A. Martins , John T. Hwang
DOI: 10.2514/1.J052184
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摘要: This paper presents a review of all existing discrete methods for computing the derivatives computational models within unified mathematical framework. framework hinges on new equation, unifying chain rule, from which can be derived. The computation is described as two-step process: evaluation partial and total derivatives, are dependent derivatives. Finite differences, complex-step method, symbolic differentiation discussed options It shown that these building blocks with assembled using algorithmic differentiation, direct adjoint methods, coupled analytic multidisciplinary systems. Each presented applied to common numerical example demonstrate compare various approaches. ends discussion current challenges possib...