The Xistence of X-Efficiency

摘要: Harvey Leibenstein called attention in an influential article (1966) to a source of economic inefficiency which was given the awful name X[in]efficiency. He cited studies misallocations resources due monopoly or tariffs had trifling social costs, whereas simple failure attain production frontier apparently led losses vastly greater magnitude. I propose argue that this type can usefully be assimilated into traditional theory allocative inefficiency. It is question (to discussed below) whether one ascribes failures reach ultimate limits output from inputs any state technology inadequacy knowledge alone, adds also inadequate "motivation." separates two: