The Effect of Mainstream Media on Body Image and Stress Reactivity in Latina Females

摘要: The role of mainstream media in women’s views female beauty and body image has been well documented. However, few published studies have observed ethnic differences physiological stress reactivity that may occur from pressures to comply with a particular beauty. This study examined whether the exposure ideal would negatively affect Latina psychological functioning, how their responses differed comparison White counterparts. Participants included college-aged students Pitzer College who self-identified as or Caucasian. completed questionnaires assessing, esteem (MSBRQ-AS; SATAQ; CDFRS), identity (SEE), state anxiety (STAI-State) (PANAS) prior following Victoria’s Secret Chrysler automobile commercials. Physiological was assessed through changes systolic diastolic blood pressure, salivary cortisol. 3-way ANOVA tests indicated significant 2-way interaction between condition time on participants’ levels F(1, 27) = 4.266, MSe 29.803, p =.049, η2 =.136, ratings appearance evaluation, F(1,36) 5.733, 3.692, =.022, =.137, satisfaction 4.27, 4.747, .046, =.106. Women viewed commercials demonstrated increased pressure reported lower women Chevy Sonic Potential trends internalization stimuli are further discussed. EFFECT OF MAINSTREAM MEDIA 3 Effect Mainstream Media Body Image Stress Reactivity Females In Western media, physique is depicted significantly below what considered be healthy weight (National Eating Disorder Association, 2002). Research shown viewing these representations lead disturbance anxiety, both which risk factors for eating disorders (Groesz, Levine, & Murnen, Analyzing depictions presented US Rodin colleagues (1985) found norm highlighted American advertisements conveys message associated social rewards, such professional status. cause internalize an unrealistic standard meet exceed (Bordo, 1993). It fashion models thinner than 98% (Smolak, 1996). For instance, while average woman stands 5 ft. 4 in. tall weighs 140 lbs., model 11 117 lbs. likely gross shape females affected self functioning. Several higher dissatisfaction thin 2002; Hofschire Greenberg, examining effects images ethnically diverse self-concept well-being (Dounchis, Hayden, Wilfley, 2001; Gordon, Castro, Sitnikov, Holm-Denoma, 2010; Rubin, Fitts, Becker, 2003), it that, similar Caucasian females, African also consider dominant extremely European features (Goodman, Parker, Nichter, Vuckovic, Sims, Ritenbaugh, 1995). Despite similarities describing image, some ways various groups respond media’s portrayal one revealed women, were more accepting heavier types (Paeratakul, White, Williamson, Ryan, Bray, Reasoning this variation cultural perceptions image. contrast Euro-American cultures, Latin cultures present own norms relating (Warren, Gleaves, Cepeda-Benito, Fernandez, Rodriguez-Ruiz, 2005). example, observing ideologies related Rubin associates (2003) Black describe terms style, health, spirituality, rather size. suggests connected culture origin not imagery disinterest ambivalence (Warren et al., just by expressing greater concerns about gain, selfesteem, shame (Seo Torabi, 2006; Viladrich, Bruning, Weiss, 2009). relation perceptions, researchers possibility acculturation U.S values might negative (Gowen, Hayward, Killen, Robinson, Taylor, 1999; Pepper Ruiz, 2007). Acculturation characterized process attitudinal change individuals either reside multicultural societies come into contact new (Marin, 1992). Thus, explanation discrepancies research could failure account degree moderating variable. addressed report toward society distress response body. To date, no unclear chronic detrimental women. relationship dieting cortisol output Putterman Linden (2006) discovered placed importance regarding afternoon did share perspectives. issues explored, results indicating attitudes personal ambulatory neutral positive (Bedford, Linden, Barr, 2011). These findings suggest low body-esteem heightened arousal investigated relationships stress. As previously cited research, faced task negotiating paradoxical domains conflicting valued. Though several analyzed 6 opposing towards compared gap literature investigating effect depiction Specifically, cardiovascular college students. Based upon past hypothesized exposed (experimental condition), esteem, lastly, control depicting advertisements. addition, predicted moderate commercial those acculturation. Method enrolled introductory psychology courses at invited complete pre-screening questionnaire SurveyMonkey.com determine eligibility study. Individuals eligible prescreening they female, least 18 years age, identified Latina/Hispanic White/Caucasian. Twenty-four seventeen undergraduate (Mage= 22 years, age range: 18-40 old) recruited received credit $10 compensation participation. 7