Chapter 24 Antioxidants and Photo-oxidative Stress Responses in Plants and Algae

摘要: Ever since the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis and accumulation molecular oxygen in earth’s atmosphere over 2.2 billion years ago, living organisms have needed to adapt life an aerobic cope with reactive species (ROS). The term ROS refers various forms harmful excited states, radicals, peroxides. Specifically, these molecules include singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, which can readily react damage cell membrane lipids, nucleic acids, proteins. Living evolved several ways protect themselves from oxidative damage, including synthesis antioxidants enzymes that neutralize ROS. When ability prevent and/or is insufficient cells, stress occurs. A number exist photosynthetic organisms, their roles protecting cells against been extensively studied. Some seem overlapping functions, might act as a backup mechanism under conditions when capacity one antioxidant overwhelmed. Different specific compartments particular conditions. Other than also shown other such signaling or maintaining cellular redox state. This chapter summarizes knowledge about focus on scavenging mechanisms related enzymes.