Human cancer detection and immunotherapy with conjugated and non-conjugated monoclonal antibodies

摘要: Classical therapeutic modalities such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy not only fail to cure the majority of neoplastic disease, but their employment also leads severe debilitating side effects. The cancer related morbidity is often associated with use chemotherapy, making them less than ideal forms therapy. Entirely new approaches therapy that are tumor cell directed, specifically lethal malignant cells toxic normal tissues being observed developed, adhering old prayer "Destroy diseased tissues, preserve normal." Following initial advances Ehrlich, immunotherapy a fourth modality has already been developed proven be quite effective. Unfortunately, population static entity, rather continually changing one. Considerable variations have determined between individual cells. Our strong belief it necessary for present-day clinical oncologists become aware existence learn how employ in order improve efficacy decrease effects modern development hybridoma technology monoclonal antibody (MoAB) production revitalized concept concerning cell-targeted, specific "magic bullets". In addition, variety different agents (e.g. toxins, radionuclides, chemotherapeutic drugs) conjugated mouse human MoABs selective delivery Preclinical observations athymic, nude mice using xenografted cancers mouse, anti-human were more impressive lead several trials. Strategies include: a) Immune reaction directed destruction cells; b) Interference growth differentiation c) Antigen epitope transport anti-cancer d) Anti-idiotype vaccines. Phase I studies established safety employing immunoconjugates humans, results impressive. humans limited due an anti-globulin immune response non-human immunoglobulins by host. Genetically engineered chimeric human-mouse replacing Fc region constant region. Moreover, framework regions variable domains rodent experimentally replaced equivalents. These antibodies can designed specificities effector functions researchers, which may appear nature. astonishing immunophenotypic (IP) heterogeneity cells, cytotoxic activity moiety linked given MoABs, mostly genetic modulation capabilities still remain yet unsolved difficulties present cancer. Antibodies two binding ends (bispecific antibodies) provide great improvement targeting existing inadequacies improved increasing efficiency chemical coupling various bacterial or plant radionuclides drugs. writing this review article, one our main goals encourage further research genetically treatment cancer, well combination three conventional Finally, we propose MoAB-based immuno-therapy accepted form employed terminal patients, also, instance, during following surgical resection.