Sexual differences in reproductive characters and pollinator attractiveness in gynodioecious Glechoma longituba (Lamiaceae)

摘要: We quantified the differences in floral characters and attractiveness to flower visitors under natural conditions between sexual types gynodioecious plant Glechoma longituba. also manipulated flowers by altering corolla size or nectar volume, removing anthers, examine effect of these primary secondary attractants (i.e. rewards advertisements) on attractiveness. A change shape reduced visiting frequency pollen load. Removal anthers did not affect rates, but significantly pollination rates stigmatic decrease volume a was associated with reduction handling time loads stigmas. These results show that is an important advertisement pollinators (particularly at greater distance), which associate hermaphrodite larger than female flowers. found artificial changes population structure affected behavior as well suggest pattern distribution clones may serve avoid limitation clone patch. This ensure reproductive success allow for maintenance individuals populations this plant.