The Systems Approach: An Interface Between Development and Population Genetic Aspects of Evolution

摘要: The systems approach is an attempt to clarify the implications of morphological concepts such as homology and natural system within framework Modern Synthesis. concept implies existence invariant features characters, most probably caused by developmental functional constraints. evolutionary history homologues shows that key events in transspecific evolution are changes constraints: constraints primitive programs were overcome, leading a higher flexibility some new acquired fixation body design at level organization. Quantitative genetic theory functionally coupled characters highly dependent on appropriate allocation variance thus depends pattern It concluded organismic should be studied two levels: a) character evolution, b) modification