Verification Benchmarks to Assess the Implementation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Based Hemolysis Prediction Models

摘要: As part of an ongoing effort to develop verification and validation (V&V) standards for using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the evaluation medical devices, we have developed idealized flow-based benchmarks assess implementation commonly cited power-law based hemolysis models CFD. Verification process ensures that all governing equations are solved correctly model is free user numerical errors. To perform modeling, analytical solutions Eulerian blood damage (which estimates index (HI) as a function shear stress exposure time) were obtained Couette inclined flow models, Newtonian non-Newtonian pipe models. Subsequently, CFD simulations HI performed three different Lagrangian-based compared with solutions. For geometries, results from Eulerian-based matched within ∼1%, which indicates successful model. Agreement between Lagrangian depended upon choice constants. used values constants (α  = 1.9-2.42 β  = 0.65-0.80), absence acceleration, most 5%. In presence acceleration (inclined flow), moderate differences (∼10%) observed This difference increased greater than 100% beta exponent decreased. These simplified problems can be standard verifying predictive commercial open-source codes. The current study only illustrative example emphasize need verification. Similar could other types (such strain-based energy dissipation-based methods). However, since did not include experimental validation, verified do guarantee accurate predictions. step must followed by before actual device safety evaluations.