Does community resilience decrease social–ecological vulnerability? Adaptation pathways trade-off in the Bolivian Altiplano

摘要: Worsening climate change impacts and environmental degradation are increasingly supporting policies plans in framing a linear understanding of resilience building vulnerability reduction. However, adaptations to different but interacting drivers unclear the mix opportunities threats related increasing connections, emerging technologies, new patterns dependency possible lock-in effects. This paper discusses more open-ended relationship between vulnerability, highlighting trade-offs among adaptive capacities exposures (and new) as they relate social–ecological sustainability. The transition Southern Bolivian Altiplano, from being remote rural area subsistence farming global leader quinoa production exportation, has been taken study case. Results 18 workshops organised within communities provide insights about range community attributes induced land use changes, livestock strategies, communities’ behavioural institutions’ policies. main theoretical advances need for critically multiple threat capacity trade-offs, contributing arguing usually positive meaning resilience, taking into account “to whom or what is which adaptation” “which trade-off should be accepted, why”. Framing pathways through these questions would serve tool addressing sustainable development goals, while avoiding lock-ins unsustainable path dependencies.