Human impacts on tropical forest dynamics

摘要: People living near or in tropical forest ecosystems have traditionally extracted products, i.e. timber, food and medicinal plants for their livelihood. Such practice does not create too much disturbance when the population is still sparse, product used only own needs. When pressure becomes greater, motive of extraction profit, then become serious creates environmental problems. Major exploitation Indonesian rain timber began 1960e continuing today. The lowland forests Sumatra Kalimantan been particularly logged. Exploitation has often destructive because Forest Department rules widely ignored. Moreover, once roads given access to formerly inaccessible areas, farmers moved after companies cleared relict, regenerating either permanent shifting cultivation. traditional cultivations practised years, producing millions ha impoverished secondary types forest, degraded lands alang-alang(Imperata cylindrica)grasslands. Forests also lost through conversion land plantation agriculture transmigration programmes, mining, construction railways natural disturbances, such as drought fire. This paper will discuss human impact upon dynamics general, with examples from other Southeast Asia countries’ forests.