Chapter 7. Monitoring human disturbances for management of wildlife species and their habitats

摘要: Human disturbances dominate national forests and grasslands affect habitats species in multifaceted ways. In the past, planning management efforts focused mainly on activities of silviculture, prescribed fire, livestock grazing. Those remain as common agents to monitor evaluate. A variety additional human disturbances, however, are now prevalent deserve attention, including roads traffic, recreation, energy extraction, urban expansion, nonnative or invasive species. Monitoring evaluating most that occur a given local unit ecoregion is needed meet requirements assess diverse effects such wildlife