A Problem-Solving Approach to Resource Management

摘要: Ecological systems are frequently exposed to a wide array of ubiquitous perturbations (e.g., acid rain, increased C02, and pesticides). The response these stress has become fertile field investigation. For example, Darnell (1970) noted that an ecosystem's usually reflects the intensity duration agents imposed ability particular system respond. Hurd Wolf (1974) proposed model ecosystem stability in stress, defining as retain or return some ground state after being perturbed. They pointed out one can design experiments test terms system's external perturbation measured deflection from state. My colleagues I (Barrett et al. 1976) outlined series guidelines for testing at level.