Modern Infrared and Raman Instrumentation and Sampling Methods

摘要: Abstract Since the time of Farmer's famous book on infrared spectra minerals, (IR) spectroscopy and, to a lesser extent, Raman have become essential and widespread tools for deciphering chemical structure clays clay their natural inorganic admixtures, or organics adsorbed surfaces. This chapter aims at providing review design modern IR spectrometers, adapted specific needs scientist. The various measurement configurations are presented discussed basis ‘best practise’ examples, selected among old recent literature. physics background is kept necessary minimum, but key references provided further elaboration by interested reader. Three general priorities in data acquisition highlighted, wherever possible. First, sampling over gamut sample sizes, from single particles massive rocks drill-cores. justified need address well-known heterogeneity clays, which manifested hierarchy vastly different scales. Second, emphasis placed techniques that can be considered as least invasive sample. These valued because they allow study (or towards) equilibrium man-made environment, also saving suitable high-throughput analysis. Finally, strategies involving the, ideally synchronous, same process more than one technique (at vibrational) pointed out. these bring together facets experimental evidence towards common description minerals.