Proton Potential Anomaly and Nonlocal Potentials

摘要: A detailed study of the variations difference between proton-nuclear potential and neutron-nuclear is carried out using ground-state mass data. previous analysis mirror nuclei has delimited problem suggested that well can be neither constant nor strictly $Z$ dependent. It found by analytical techniques as calculations performed with Oak Ridge Oracle anomaly varies symmetry parameter $\frac{(N\ensuremath{-}Z)}{A}$ proportionality does not change very greatly one proceeds from a static to velocity-dependent well. This somewhat surprising in view many studies which suggest nuclear energy considerably influenced velocity dependence potential. The relative insensitivity or nonlocality attributed surface effects taken into account analyses infinite matter.A number possible origins differences are examined including (a) failure Koopman's theorem, (b) breakdown electrostatic laws, (c) presence Heisenberg forces, (d) effect exclusion principle, (e) spin forces. concluded last two for bulk proton anomaly. Indeed, these depths used neutron scattering vary individually parameter, it experimentalists attempt seek careful, low-energy experiments.