The Relation Between Organization and Function of Song in Cardinals

摘要: 1. This paper represents an attempt to relate the organization of song in North American cardinals manner which is used. 2. Each cardinal has several distinctive types common with his neighbours. When singing each male sings a series or bout one type, followed by another type. 3. Often when two more are simultaneously, singers same. 4. Matching was recorded from males under natural conditions. It usually ranged between 25 and 50% time birds were together, although differences amounts matching different pairs not significant. Two did match significantly closer together than further apart. 5. The relative amount noted brought at boundary their territories. One these also provoked into considerable tape recorder decoy placed inside territory. In both cases higher normal situation. Also, latencies much shorter, as bouts. 6. A exposed repeated recordings on five successive occasions showed almost perfect first occasion, but decreased regularly thereafter. found be consistent other variables song. 7. occurred high degree mated females, fact, extent males. Females do sing very often so total this probably no 8. peculiarities interpreted reflecting feed-back system homoeostasis territorial maintained, such it permits co-ordination individuals. Under stimulation becomes precise matching, shorter changes type per unit time. 9. addition being used cardinals, kind communication occurs among members Fringillidac Paridae. All species exhibit long tenure territory throughout year some, least, over years.