An ecological approach to biosystem thermodynamics

摘要: The general attributes of ecosystems are examined and a naturally occurring “reference ecosystem” is established, comparable with the “isolated” system classical thermodynamics. Such an autonomous stable, periodic input energy shown to assume certain structural characteristics that have identifiable thermodynamic basis. Individual species tend state “least dissipation”; this most clearly evident in dominant (the best integration acquisition conservation). It concluded ecosystem structure results from antagonistic interaction two nearly equal forces. These forces their origin Principle Most Action (“least dissipation” or entropy production”) universal Least Action. “Most action” contingent on equipartitioning available, through uniform similar individuals. trend “Least increased dissipation attained increasing diversity complexity. principles exhibit basic asymmetry. Given operation these opposing over evolutionary time, it argued originated vicinity equilibrium resonant amplification reversible fluctuations. On account asymmetry was able evolve away provided remained within “ergodynamic equilibrium” (equilibrium maintained by internal work, where opposite). At highest level generalization there appear be three operating: i) maximum association free-energy materials; ii) conservation (deceleration flow) symmetric homogeneity; iii) principle least action which induces acceleration flow asymmetrical interaction. opposition give rise natural selection evolution.