The dilemma of agricultural pollination in Brazil: Beekeeping growth and insecticide use.

摘要: Pollination by bees improves agricultural crop yields and the financial outlook of beekeepers because it increases honey production hive rental revenues. However, in Brazil, with a few exceptions, these benefits have been neglected recent years are more interested than pollination. The excessive indiscriminate use insecticides on fields Brazil appears to be one principal obstacles preventing partnership between farmers beekeepers. goal this study was therefore evaluate most situation relation insecticides, agriculture comparison other countries. Our results show that is largest consumer world consumption has increased > 150% over 15 years. While countries high Human Development Index (i.e., measure can also used question national policy choices) reducing their levels insecticide agriculture, going opposite direction. It highly likely increase seen result alternative methods for pest control rather amount area under cultivation capability shift economies from sectors. number hives (23%) volume (72%) have, however, same period, raising ninth highest producer world. Although data apiculture promising, growth cause concern they leave residuals bee products, crops, environment. Civil society government should encourage reductions better relations