摘要: The vast and complex oceans that are optically opaque acoustically transparent, enabling characterization of physical biological bodies processes sea using sound as a premier tool. Lack direct observations vertical profiles velocimeters and/or temperature salinity, from which speed can be calculated, limits specifications investigation temporal spatial variabilities the three-dimensional structure in oceans. In this study, authors demonstrate estimation (SSPs) surface an artificial neural network (ANN) method. Surface mooring central Arabian Sea used proxy to satellite observations. ANN-estimated SSPs had root-mean-square error 1.16 m/s coefficient determination 0.98. About 76% (93%) estimates lie within plusmn1 (plusmn2 m/s) obtained situ salinity
harvard.edu
sci-hub.se 参考文章(21)
Albert S. Fischer, Arabian Sea mixed layer deepening during the monsoon : observations and dynamics Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. ,(1997) , 10.1575/1912/5666
George L. Pickard, William J. Emery, Descriptive Physical Oceanography: An Introduction ,(1975)
Timothy W. Kao, The Gulf Stream and Its Frontal Structure: A Quantitative Representation Journal of Physical Oceanography. ,vol. 17, pp. 123- 133 ,(1987) , 10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<0123:TGSAIF>2.0.CO;2
Thomas Schroeder, Juergen Fischer, Michael Schaale, Frank Fell, Artificial-neural-network-based atmospheric correction algorithm: application to MERIS data Third International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space. ,vol. 4892, pp. 124- 132 ,(2003) , 10.1117/12.467293
Chen‐Tung Chen, Frank J. Millero, Speed of sound in seawater at high pressures The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. ,vol. 62, pp. 1129- 1135 ,(1977) , 10.1121/1.381646
P. Richaume, F. Badran, M. Crepon, C. Mejía, H. Roquet, S. Thiria, Neural network wind retrieval from ERS-1 scatterometer data Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. ,vol. 105, pp. 8737- 8751 ,(2000) , 10.1029/1999JC900225
George S. K. Wong, Shi‐ming Zhu, Speed of sound in seawater as a function of salinity, temperature, and pressure The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. ,vol. 97, pp. 1732- 1736 ,(1995) , 10.1121/1.413048
Carl Wunsch, E. M. Gaposchkin, On using satellite altimetry to determine the general circulation of the oceans with application to geoid improvement Reviews of Geophysics. ,vol. 18, pp. 725- 745 ,(1980) , 10.1029/RG018I004P00725
Claude C. Leroy, François Parthiot, Depth-pressure relationships in the oceans and seas The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. ,vol. 103, pp. 1346- 1352 ,(1998) , 10.1121/1.421275
L. M. Brekhovskikh, Yu. P. Lysanov, Fundamentals of Ocean Acoustics (3rd edition) Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. ,vol. 116, pp. 1863- 1863 ,(2004) , 10.1121/1.1792644