Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife Species

摘要: Abstract Wild mammals have a diversity of reproductive strategies and endocrine adaptations to survive reproduce under hostile environmental conditions. The system has highly integrated cause effect physiology with genetic epigenetic interactivity during life history. Embryo fetal development is an once-in-a-lifetime event. fetus inherent plasticity maternal influences, anthropogenic chemicals can toxicophysiological effects on plasticity. Endocrine-disrupting (EDCs) in the congenital misprogramming stages system, expression may not occur until puberty adult life. Congenital changes also unexpected sensitivity stimuli. Exposure EDCs alter outcomes. Female fecundity generally considered be more sensitive terms levels required lower total lifetime progeny as compared level that would decrease males. chemistry persistent organic pollutants (POPs) complex, some POPs become toxic after being released into environment. wild utero, from milk ingested nursing food web. There different fauna at various stages. Physical agents successes.