Between estimates of the emissions-income elasticity

摘要: Abstract Recent papers by Wagner and Vollebergh et al. point out some fundamental econometric problems with traditional methods of estimating the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) propose alternative approaches that avoid these issues. notes do not take into account presence powers unit root variables cross-sectional dependence in data while time effects are uniquely identified EKC model. The between estimator is a simple also addresses concerns authors. It makes no priori assumption about nature likely to provide consistent estimates long-run relationships real world situations. I apply several common panel estimators including OECD global carbon sulfur emissions datasets. sulfur-income elasticity 0.732 1.067 set estimated carbon-income 1.612 1.509 globally.