Temperature and salmonid reproduction: implications for aquaculture.

摘要: Fish reproduction is likely to be affected by increasing water temperatures arising from climate change. Normal changes in environmental temperature have the capacity affect endocrine function and either advance or retard gametogenesis maturation, but above-normal deleterious effects on reproductive processes. In Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, exposure elevated during impairs both gonadal steroid synthesis hepatic vitellogenin production, alters oestrogen receptor dynamics ultimately results reduced maternal investment gamete viability. Exposure high maturational phase steroidogenesis, delaying inhibiting preovulatory shift androgen maturation-inducing production. There are also development of female broodstock rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus when they exposed temperature. Less known about male fishes inhibition spermiation has been observed S. salar O. mykiss. Among wild stocks, response will involve behavioural thermoregulation with consequent change geographical ranges possibility local extinctions some regions. For domesticated containment culture environment precludes aquaculturists required develop adaptive strategies order maintain productivity. The most direct strategy manage thermal using one more a range developing aquaculture technologies. Alternatively, there potential mitigate processes through therapies designed augment restore natural function. Studies largely demonstrated for synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone offset inhibitory events sexes, therapy provide protection still unexplored.