摘要: Community-based organizations (CBOs) are local organizations, active in low- or moderate-income communities, which mobilize individual community members order to develop the civic and political power of residents. They do so mainly through canvassing rather than building upon pre-existing institutions. Although term “community organizing” refers a broad range (McCarthy & Walker 2004), focus here is not on that use congregations as recruitment blocs. CBOs have become an important part our national discourse, especially 2008 election Barack Obama brought organizing into spotlight. Keywords: urban sociology; community; institutions