Bisphenol A affects germination and tube growth in Picea meyeri pollen through modulating Ca2+ flux and disturbing actin-dependent vesicular trafficking during cell wall construction

摘要: Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA), a widespread pollutant, is reportedly harmful to humans, animals and plants. However, the effect of BPA on plant pollen tube growth, as well mechanism involved, remains unclear. Here, we report that significantly inhibited Picea meyeri germination elongation in dose-dependent manner. Transmission electron microscopy showed was detrimental organelles such mitochondria Golgi apparatus. Non-invasive detection revealed extracellular Ca 2+ influx promoted intracellular efflux at tip, thereby inducing dissipated gradient. Fluorescence labeling disorganized actin filaments (AFs), which subsequently led abnormal vesicle trafficking. Furthermore, reduced activity acid phosphatase, typical exocytosis enzyme. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis subsequent fluorescence induced an deposition cell wall components, including pectins callose. Taken together, our results indicate BPA, ubiquitous environmental disturbs flux P. meyeri tubes, thus disrupting AF organization, resulting actin-dependent trafficking further affecting components. These findings provide new insight into toxicity tip growth.