Integrated Pest Management of Black Bear Reforestation Damage

摘要: Author(s): Witmer, Gary W.; Nolte, Dale L.; Stewart, William B. | Abstract: Black bear damage to commercial, coniferous trees on intensively managed public and private forest lands of the Pacific Northwest continues be a problem for managers. Historically, methods such as relocation or spring hunts have been used in an effort reduce density damage. More recently, supplemental feeding has attempt provide nutritional needs bears during period. Alternative silvicultural practices repellents are being investigated their ability likelihood These other need examined effectiveness, especially light social attitudes, increasing costs, legal constraints. As part integrated pest management (IPM) approach, there is better define nature, timing, extent tree by bears. We review literature discuss results from several studies that help answer some these questions. Managers researchers will continuously challenged find innovative publicly acceptable maintain harmonious delicate balance between desires humans propensities black