Understanding temporal and spatial temperature variation at the local scale in a high latitude environment

摘要: The dearth of local scale data in remote high latitude areas means that regional is commonly interpolated to fill the gap. These interpolations have limited accuracy due influence complex topography and resultant decoupling near-surface temperatures from free-air temperatures. Thus relatively little known about how predicted temperature increases over next century will likely climates subarctic Scandinavia. This thesis investigates variability incised valley area where Kevo Subarctic Research Station (69°45'N, 27°01'E) located. main study covered approximately 20km² encompassing lake Kevojarvi three valleys an elevational range 256m (74-330m a.s.l.). Near-surface were collected a network 60 dataloggers for period September 2007 March 2012. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis used reconstruct 6-hourly synoptic conditions area. Lapse rates, principal component analysis regression surface on investigate present variability. results infer change assuming strengthening westerlies storm track region. also assess representativeness Meteorological (established 1962). An additional was set up collect air water seven nearby lakes order validate estimations lakes, test summer model based theoretical solar radiation (June 2010 – 2011). The show complex, highly variable structure driven by geometry, topography, land cover conditions. Inversion dominate most year, although with reduced during polar day. Intense persistent inversion events are common feature winter months gradients +80°C/km not uncommon. strongest gradient recorded at +92.4°C/km. Clear skies low winds controls formation winter, but (inhibiting convection) there weaker link between anticyclonic clear skies. Albedo induced steepening lapse rates gave day time beyond -9.8°C/km (dry adiabatic) March-May, peak - 17.2°C/km measured. Diurnal ranges south facing elevation sites particularly large spring daily formation/destruction cycle (up 30°C). During ice-free had significant mid elevations within area, resulting reversal usual rates. Due its location bottom adjacent meteorological station located representative place (ranked 14/61), certainly wider area. showed good potential future application. It thought changes region would act inhibit intensity so result increased warming bottoms compared hilltops. Finally, frequency skew distributions, reporting such as this should be reported using median values, mean values can markedly different therefore misleading.