Yolk–shell structured Fe3O4@C@F-TiO2 microspheres with surface fluorinated as recyclable visible-light driven photocatalysts

摘要: Abstract The uniform magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @C@fluorinated-TiO 2 (Fe @C@F-TiO ) microspheres with multilevel yolk–shell structures were successfully prepared by a simple and improved solvothermal method. carbon mid-layer containing numerous hydrophilic groups induces TiO growth onto its surface plays crucial role in protecting cores from excessive erosion keeping the integrity of hollow structure during etching process, meanwhile as an electron acceptor it can reduce electron–hole recombination rate. In presence HF, obtained shell possesses enhanced crystallization resulting rapid situ fluoride-mediated dissolution recrystallization processes, plenty Ti F are formed on through ligand replacement reaction between − hydroxyl group. Furthermore, will be partly etched HF leading to increased area 167.50 m /g while still maintain excellent separability. Due efficient molecular transportation adsorption, synergic effect modification fluorination , have been demonstrated possess superior visible-light driven photocatalytic activity degradation Rhodamine-B than commercial P25 catalysts.